Notes:

The Legacy of TGM

Tomas Garrigue Masaryk - founder and first President of the Republic of Czechoslovakia - is a hero whose world significance and moral authority are unsurpassed among the distinguished figures of his time, a man remarkable not only because of his personal courage and devotion to democracy, but for the harmony between his personality and work - the astonishing unity of his words and deeds.
He was dead before the twin terrors of Nazism and communism took temporary control of his country, and both regimes tried to sweep his memory under the rug. He was ignored at best and vilified at worst during the decades of totalitarian domination.
The communist propaganda machine portrayed him as an enemy of the Soviet Union and of communism, and condemned his leadership in Czechoslovakia. His writings were on the list of forbidden books; his name was removed from streets and monuments in his honor were melted down.
Today, eight years after the fall of communism, Masaryk has become the subject of a modest revival of interest.
Someday the Czech people will realize that Masaryk has surreptitiously exercised a moderating influence upon them because they have lived, so to speak, in his state. For those old enough to remember the first half of this century, or wise enough to have read its history, Masaryk, who founded the republic in 1918, is one of the most important pioneers of what the philosopher Sir Karl Popper called "the open society."
Up from serfdom

His early life would not have hinted that Masaryk was marked to be a world leader. He was born in 1850 in southern Moravia, the son of a Slovak-speaking coachman working on an Imperial estate, and a German-speaking housewife. Encouraged by his parents, Tomas took the long step from his father's illiterate serfdom to becoming a professor of philosophy. After his first term of primary school, he was apprenticed to be a blacksmith. Then he gained an education in the secondary schools in Brno and Vienna. As a high school and university student, he had to seek support from wealthy families by tutoring their children. His studies were finished at the University of Vienna, where he took a doctoral degree in philosophy in 1876. Six years later, he was made professor of philosophy at the Czech university in Prague, and began living in the city for the first time. He taught there until 1914 when war broke out.
Throughout his teaching career, Masaryk thought centered around the crisis of European civilization. He refused to consider its history a play of meaningless, irrational forces, as Leo Tolstoy had argued in War and Peace. Nor did Masaryk embrace a deterministic view of history, explaining everything by economic conditions, technological changes or the class struggle, as Marx did. In fact, Masaryk always maintained--insisted--that history is shaped by ideas in the minds of men and women who can make the future better than the past.
Philosophy and religion

Earlier in his career, Masaryk had diagnosed the crisis of European civilization as the decay of religious beliefs, with the increased incidence of suicide and homicide as its most visible signs. For him, this decline of faith was a sad phenomenon whose explosive social consequences were a serious problem. It appeared to him "as a historical process, as something for which a society is collectively responsible." The remedy offered by Masaryk was simple: people must regain their religious faith, be they Christians, Jews or Muslims.
Masaryk himself was a deeply religious man. His religious feeling was first nurtured by the naive piety of his Catholic mother. Then came school and the intellectual cultivation and justifications produced by contact with his teachers and by his own reflections. He himself joined the protestant church in 1880. To use Max Weber's simile, Masaryk didn't feel himself God's vessel; he rather sensed himself an instrument of God's will, as he drew his moralism from the certainty that he was the God-sent agent of Providence.
A modern view of women

In 1878 Masaryk married Charlotte Garrigue, an American student he had met while at the Leipzig university. After their marriage in New York, he incorporated her maiden name into his own - a radical move even by today's standards, much less those of a century ago. By all accounts, Masaryk loved women, and they, in turn, adored him. But he loved them in a Puritanical way. What he had to say about women in general was often regarded as mildly heretical by some guardians of social mores. Masaryk argued that social development was leading toward democratic equality of opportunity for the sexes.
"The modern woman," Masaryk proclaimed in one of his speeches, "must be active; she must engage herself in public debate while ignoring the old-fashioned mentoring but having, as the French put it, the courage de son opinion. Clearly, such an audacious attitude may be perceived as heresy. But the modern woman must struggle against both prejudice and bluff.
Masaryk is most emphatic and very eloquent on the sexual question, which he sees with the eyes of a firm believer in woman's moral equality with men. In his view, woman as a household drudge or sexual object is destroyed externally and impoverished internally. But Masaryk adds: "I do not preach a sermon about enjoying ascetic life, nor about any act of raping nature or the human body... What I urge is true love between man and woman."
Unmasking Czech anti-Semitism

An intrepid critic who measured the soundness of national life by the criterion of truth, Masaryk's intervention was often without popular backing, especially when he defended the rights of minorities in the Habsburg Empire. For instance, he substantially contributed to the unmasking of Czech anti-Semitism. When an East Bohemian girl was killed in 1899, it revived the superstition of Jewish ritual murders for the purpose of using Christian blood in religious ceremonies. A young Jew, Leopold Hilsner, was arrested and, despite his protestations of innocence, was sentenced to death for committing the crime. In a series of articles, Masaryk refuted the allegation of ritual motives, and urged a revision of the verdict. In a subsequent decision the court dropped the accusation. With unfaltering courage, Masaryk sought justice and to debunk anti-Semitic legends, be they in the minds of the common folk, the schoolmaster or the jingoist, even when going against popular opinion made him a target for the hatred of others.
War, exile and culture

On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, an act that set off World War I. Shortly afterward, Masaryk, aged 64, went into exile. He became the leading opposition figure abroad, where he strove for the liberation of the Czechoslovak people from Austrian shackles. During the war, he was made the commander in chief of the Czechoslovak Legion, troops assembled from Czechs living abroad--particularly in France, England and America--who were joined by Czech and Slovak conscripts who had become prisoners of war in Russia or who had defected from the Austrian army. These armies fought fierce battles against Austria and Germany on various European battlefronts.
Today, one may be amazed at the fact that these stateless soldiers summoned the will, marshaled the resources, made the sacrifices and rebounded from their blunders in order to fight for their cause under Masaryk's leadership. After the Allied victory in 1918, Masaryk brought his valiant soldiers--an army of 80,000 men--home on an arduous path made necessary by the civil war raging throughout Russia: through Siberia to Vladivostok, and across the Pacific Ocean and the United States. They finally returned to a European homeland where the many deaths caused by the war had given birth to a new republic.
To be sure, the triumph of the Czechoslovak nation was the result not only of Masaryk's leadership but also of Allied support. Toward the war's end, Masaryk had visited Woodrow Wilson in the White House and convinced him that it would be in the interest of the United States to help liberate the Central European nations from the debilitating climate of the Habsburg Empire.
Unlike other European leaders, Masaryk had an advantage in his links to the United States. Not only had he visited there several times and taken an American wife, but he felt at home in the culture and admired what he called American pragmatism.
Masaryk also loved Russian culture, yet there he did have an ax to grind. He was highly critical of the oppressive Czarist regime, the Orthodox Church, mystical Slavophilism, atheistic radicalism and the Marxist quest for power. On cultural matters he was critical but scrupulously fair, the result being an evenhanded evaluation of the interplay of Russian and West European artists and thinkers.
In three volumes titled Russia and Europe, written in German before World War I, he analyzed, with what seems today a remarkable clairvoyance, those various demons of Russian history. In his view, Russia missed the advent of the modern nation-state in the 17th century, bypassing the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. Those blank spots in its history set the stage for the tragedy to come: The Bolshevik coup that plunged Russia into misery, brutality, isolation and confrontation with the outside world. Masaryk was most insightful when he defended the European interest in his charming and moving book World Revolution (1925), in which he argued that Europeans wished to see the ascendancy of those Russian adherents of democracy who sought the signposts of national revival by looking outward and forward, rather than inward and backward.
The legacy of TGM

After founding democratic Czechoslovakia, Masaryk set about implementing his lofty and guiding principles on the multiethnic and multicultural European continent. During his presidency (1918-1935), Czechoslovakia became an island of democracy, a great educational workshop and a powerful industrial country. It developed a political system marked not only by free and fair elections but also by the rule of law, separation of powers, and the protection of fundamental liberties of speech, assembly, religion and property. In spite of shortcomings and problems, the country gave asylum to many who faced persecution elsewhere, namely in the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, because of their political, national, religious or cultural allegiances. The collaboration among Czechs, Slovaks, Germans, Hungarians and Jews, who had lived in the Central European region from the Middle Ages, produced at that time a uniquely free society with a cosmopolitan culture, one which was tolerant and nearly untouched by the nationalism and xenophobia that mark many multiethnic societies today.
As Sir Karl Popper put it, "Masaryk's Czechoslovakia was the most open of all societies ever to develop in Europe. It lasted for only 20 years. But what difficult and marvelous years! In the shortest time, this open society had built a solid economy and the most solid military defence system in Europe."
In 1938 Britain and France, under the governments of the appeasers, cooperated with Hitler in destroying Czechoslovakia with the notorious Munich Agreements. Masaryk, who had been in poor health for a few years, did not live to see his life's work crushed under the enormous impact of Nazi forces. Nevertheless, his spirit lived on in thousands of quiet "Masarykian" heroes who risked everything to help rescue the lives of persecuted Jews or who struggled against the enemy. The struggle continued until 1989 and the re-establishment of the independent state of Czechoslovakia, with Vaclav Havel as its president.
What, then, is the most significant element of Masaryk's message today, when European history provides no indication that the incredibly diverse peoples of this continent will be able to merge peacefully and voluntarily into a single polity?
Without pretending to be a prophet, Masaryk offered--and still offers--to Europeans a brighter future in terms of his moral insight and universal ethos, one which is the very opposite of the current, dominant secular-hedonistic and nationalist trends. Masaryk calls for a concern for truth and authenticity; a concern for our fellow man and woman; and a passion for justice and freedom and thus for democracy, conceived as a tolerant, open society with equal rights and duties for all citizens, regardless of sex, colour, religion or cultural background.
The creation of a united and prosperous Czech Republic as a multiethnic model in Europe is as central to the policies of Vaclav Havel as it was to those of Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. Both presidents put their faith in democracy, diversity and multiculturalism. This is and will be their lasting legacy.
© Josef Novak

Tomas married Garrigue, Charlotte on 15 Mar 1878 in New York's City Hall, New York, United States. Charlotte (daughter of Garrigue, Rudolph Pierre and Whiting, Charlotte Lydia) was born on 20 Nov 1850 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York, United States; died on 13 May 1923 in Praha, Prague, Czechoslovakia. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Charlotte Masaryk


Charlotte Garrigue Masaryk (November 20, 1850-May 13, 1923), first First Lady of Czechoslovakia, was born in Brooklyn, New York. Her father was Rudolph Garrigue, a businessman of Huguenot background whose parents and sister were Unitarian. Her mother was Charlotte Lydia Whiting, whose interest in transcendentalism led her to write to Ralph Waldo Emerson and be in contact with Brook Farm . In trying times Masaryk's Unitarian faith and character had a singular influence on her adopted country in central Europe.
Charlotte and two of her ten siblings were christened at their home by Frederick A. Farley, minister of Brooklyn's First Unitarian Church. Later Charlotte and her family moved to the Bronx. Hoping to be a concert pianist, Masaryk at seventeen went to Leipzig, Germany, where prolonged practice permanently damaged her hand. Her promising career ended after three years' study.
Back in the Bronx she took up mathematics and taught piano and corresponded with the daughter of the family she had stayed with in Leipzig, whose letters were filled with descriptions of Thomas Masaryk, then boarding with them. In 1876 Charlotte returned to Leipzig to meet the man she would marry and who would become the founder and first president of Czechoslovakia. That same year he received his doctorate from the University of Vienna and soon they were studying and discussing books together. He admired her desire for precise knowledge and her deep religious feeling and declared her magnificent intellect better than his own. When she left to visit other European friends before returning to the United States, he proposed to her in a letter. On March 15, 1878 they were married, first in a civil ceremony at New York's City Hall and then in a Unitarian ceremony in the double parlor of her parents' large Bronx home.
Returning to Europe, the couple lived in Vienna where Thomas Masaryk taught at the university until 1881, when he was engaged to teach philosophy in that half of Prague's Charles University in which the Czech language would be used. Charlotte Masaryk and their children, who eventually numbered five (four survived infancy), joined him in Prague, where he was prominent in the movement to restore the Czech language. Considering her husband's work for Czech nationalism the most important part of their lives, Masaryk refused to entertain his desire to move to the United States both in 1886 and again in 1899 when he was the most hated man in Bohemia. His refusal to accept forgeries of ancient manuscripts to bolster Czech identity triggered the first period of hostility. The second followed his stand against anti-Semitism and crude superstition when Leopold Hilsner, a poor Jew was accused of committing a ritual murder. Knowing that her presence would shield her unpopular husband from possibly lethal assault, Masaryk accompanied him to his lectures. She fearlessly addressed angry anti-Semitic students who threatened her family and who demonstrated outside her home.
Charlotte Masaryk learned the Czech language, literature, history, and music, always her first love, and became a striking presence in Prague. A post-World War I edition of the works of the Czech nationalist composer Bedrich Smetana was dedicated to her as the "true friend of Smetana's genius." She had popularized his music through research and writing. Believing that the highest purpose of Christianity was to help those in need, Masaryk concerned herself with social problems. She worked in the Czech women's movement, bolstering it with her translation into Czech of John Stuart Mill's Subjection of Women. She made her husband "the most influential male intellectual involved with the woman's movement." He later admitted that he was "only a peddler" of her opinions on women's rights and that she had authored Polygamy and Monogamy, one of his major statements favoring equality for women. In 1906 she demonstrated with workers demanding free and equal suffrage and the secret ballot. The next year she and her husband attended the International Congress of Religious Liberals in Boston where he spoke, arguing for a religious life transcending ecclesiastical forms of religion.
After he proved that Austro-Hungarian officials had forged documents to justify annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Thomas Masaryk was reviled in the empire, appreciated in the incubating "Czech nation," and internationally renowned. By 1913 he was the most beloved man in Prague. Charlotte Masaryk had worked with him to educate the Czech people for democracy, helping them overcome their prejudice and intolerance. "Without her," he later maintained, "I wouldn't have had a clear sense of . . my political task."
When World War I broke out, Thomas Masaryk, who was out of the country with his younger daughter Olga, was sentenced by Austro-Hungarian authorities to a traitor's death. He joined the Allied powers and worked to gain recognition for the Czechoslovak National Council. Austro-Hungarian forces persecuted his wife in Prague, sent their daughter Alice to prison in Vienna, and forced their younger son Jan into the army. Their older son Herbert died from typhus while working in a Galician refugee camp. Alone, harassed and ill from heart disease and depression, Charlotte Masaryk maintained her courage and gave her daughter Alice "the strength to go on" during her eight months in prison by writing her nearly a hundred wonderfully supportive letters.
In 1918 Czechoslovakia, the nation Thomas Masaryk had fathered, was recognized by France, England, and the United States. Under its new constitution he was elected its first president in 1920 and re-elected in1927 and 1934. Prevented by illness from participating fully in the victory she had helped win, Masaryk died at their summer home near Prague. Ever grateful for her help, her husband proclaimed that her uncompromising political positions and truthfulness had greatly influenced his development. She made it possible for him to accomplish concrete reforms by moderating the scope of his original designs. Czech writer Oldra Sedlmayer declared, "Neither golden letters nor marble monuments can express the moral contribution, the price in human suffering which that daughter of free America paid in the life and work of our president."
Charlotte Masaryk's family treasured the First Unitarian Church in Brooklyn as the place where the seeds of her future strength had been planted. Both her husband and her son Jan spoke from its pulpit and her daughter Alice planned a stained glass window there in her memory. After World War II interrupted that plan, the women of the First Church in 1957 gave a clerestory window picturing Bohemian Reformer Jan Hus in memory of Charlotte Masaryk and in honor of John Howland Lathrop. Lathrop, the ninth minister of the First Church, headed a relief program in Czechoslovakia following World War II, which gave rise to the Unitarian Service Committee. Alice Garrigue Masaryk, Alice Garrigue Masaryk, 1879-1966: Her Life as Recorded in Her Own Words and by Her Friends (1980), contains many of her mother's letters. See also Barbara K. Reinfeld, "Charlotte Garrigue Masaryk, 1850-1923," Czechoslovak and Central European Journal (Summer/Winter 1989): 90-103, Stanislav Polak, Charlotta Garrigue Masarykova (1992); and American National Biography, s.v. "Masaryk, Charlotte Garrigue." H. Gordon Skilling, T. G. Masaryk: Against the Current, 1882-1914 (1994), has considerable information. See also "Brooklyn's First Lady of Czechoslovakia," in Donald W. McKinney, When the Pulpit Starts to Creak (1992); Olive Hoogenboom, The First Unitarian Church of Brooklyn: One Hundred Fifty Years (1987); Roman Szporluk, The Political Thought of Thomas G. Masaryk (1981); George J. Kovtun, Masaryk and America: Testimony of a Relationship (1988); and George J. Kovtun, ed., The Spirit of Thomas G. Masaryk (1850-1937): An Anthology (1990). A short obituary is in the New York Times, May 14, 1923.

Notes:

New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 about Mr. Rudolphus Peter Garrigue
Name: Mr. Rudolphus Peter Garrigue 24 or 27 male Gentleman Denmark
Arrival Date: 1 Nov 1845
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1818
Age: 27
Gender: Male
Port of Departure: Bremen, Germany
Ship Name: Westphalia
Search Ship Database: Search the Westphalia in the 'Passenger Ships and Images' database
Port of Arrival: New York, New York
Line: 6
Microfilm Serial: M237
Microfilm Roll: M237_60
List Number: 906
Page Number: 1

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Boston Passenger Lists, 1820-1943 about Rudolph Garrigue
Name: Rudolph Garrigue
Arrival Date: 5 Jul 1849
Age: 27 years
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1822
Port of Departure: Halifax and Liverpool, Nova Scotia
Ship Name: Canada
Port of Arrival: Boston, Massachusetts
Microfilm Roll Number: M277_30
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1850; Census Place: Brooklyn Ward 6, Kings, New York; Roll: M432_519; Page: 266; Image: 208.
914/1667 Rudolph Gainerge 28 male bookseller Denmark
Charlotte 24 fem Canada
Emily 01 fem New York
Augusta 8/12 fem New York
Mary Mott 16 fem Ireland
Catherine Ryan 20 fem Ireland
William Keniesey 24 male Porter Germany
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1860; Census Place: Morrisania, Westchester, New York; Roll: M653_878; Page: 0; Image: 216.
1503/1648 Rudolph Garrigne 36 male Scot F L Co. Germany
Charlotte 36 fem Canada
Emily 11 fem New York
Augusta 10 fem New York
Charlotte 09 male New York
Waldesmar 08 male New York
Isabella 06 fem Germany
Eveline 05 fem New York
Rudolph 03 male New York
Aurellia Bullig 18 fem Germany
Cath Meghu 40 fem Germany
======================================================================
1870; Census Place: Morrisania, Westchester, New York; Roll: M593_1117; Page: 83; Image: 165.
449/443 Garrigue Rudolph 48 male white Fire Insurance Agent 10,000/5000 Denmark
parents foreign born
Charlotte 44 Fem white Keeping House New York
Emily 21 fem white at home New York father foreign born
August 20 fem white at home New York father foreign born
Charles 19 male white Fire Insurance Clerk New York father foreign born
Waldemar 18 male white at home New York father foreign born
Zella 17 fem white New York father foreign born
Eva 14 fem white New York father foreign born
Rudolph 12 male white New York father foreign born
Ella 11 fem white New York father foreign born
Alice 09 fem white New York father foreign born
Alexander 08 male wite New York father foreign born
Laura 06 fem white New York father foreign born
Bertha 04 fem white New York father foreign born
========================================================================
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New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 about Reed Garrigue
Name: Reed Garrigue
Arrival Date: 27 Sep 1871
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1822
Age: 49
Gender: Male
Port of Departure: Hamburg, Germany and Le Havre, France
Destination: United States of America
Place of Origin: United States of America
Ethnicity/Race­/Nationality: American
Ship Name: Cimbria
Search Ship Database: View the Cimbria in the 'Passenger Ships and Images' database
Port of Arrival: New York
Line: 24
Microfilm Serial: M237
Microfilm Roll: M237_349
List Number: 973
Port Arrival State: New York
Port Arrival Country: United States
Accompanied by wife Charlotte
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New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957 about Rudolf Garrigue
Name: Rudolf Garrigue
Arrival Date: 21 Oct 1875
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1821
Age: 54
Gender: Male
Port of Departure: Hamburg, Germany and Le Havre, France
Destination: United States of America
Place of Origin: United States of America
Ethnicity/Race­/Nationality: American
Ship Name: Fresia
Search Ship Database: Search the Fresia in the 'Passenger Ships and Images' database
Port of Arrival: New York
Line: 12
Microfilm Serial: M237
Microfilm Roll: M237_400
List Number: 956
Port Arrival State: New York
Port Arrival Country: United States
Accompanied by son Alexander 12 years old
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U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925 about Rudolph Garrigue
Name: Rudolph Garrigue
Birth Date: 22 Feb 1822
Birth Place: Denmark
Passport Issue Date: 9 Apr 1878
Passport Includes a Photo: N
Source: Passport Applications, 1795-1905 (M1372)
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1880; Census Place: New York (Manhattan), New York City-Greater, New York; Roll: T9_899; Family History Film: 1254899; Page: 363.1000; Enumeration District: 669; Image: 0733.
Household Record 1880 United States Census
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Name Relation Marital Status Gender Race Age Birthplace Occupation Father's Birthplace Mother's Birthplace
Rudolph GARRIQUE Self M Male W 58 COPENHAGEN DEN Fire Insurance GER DEN
Charlotte L. GARRIQUE Wife M Female W 54 CAN Keeps House NY CAN
Evelin C. GARRIQUE Dau S Female W 24 NY None COPENHAGEN CAN
Eleanor GARRIQUE Dau S Female W 21 NY Teacher COPENHAGEN CAN
Alice GARRIQUE Dau S Female W 19 NY None COPENHAGEN CAN
Alexander GARRIQUE Son S Male W 18 NY Grocer COPENHAGEN CAN
Laura GARRIQUE Dau S Female W 16 NY None COPENHAGEN CAN
Bridget BURKE Other S Female W 26 IRE Housework IRE IRE
Mary MCGILL Other S Female W 24 IRE Housework IRE IRE
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Source Information:
Census Place District 15, New York, New York (Manhattan), New York City-Greater, New York
Family History Library Film 1254899
NA Film Number T9-0899
Page Number 363A
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Rudolph married Whiting, Charlotte Lydia on 15 Sep 1847 in Chicago, Cook, Illinois, United States. Charlotte (daughter of Whiting, William Loring and Starr, Mary E.) was born on 5 Feb 1826 in Augusta, Grenville, Ontario, Canada; died on 24 Jan 1891 in New York City, New York, United States. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch Id: K6QB-VMM

Notes:

1850; Census Place: Brooklyn Ward 6, Kings, New York; Roll: M432_519; Page: 266; Image: 208.
914/1667 Rudolph Gainerge 28 male bookseller Denmark
Charlotte 24 fem Canada
Emily 01 fem New York
Augusta 8/12 fem New York
Mary Mott 16 fem Ireland
Catherine Ryan 20 fem Ireland
William Keniesey 24 male Porter Germany
===========================================================================
1860; Census Place: Morrisania, Westchester, New York; Roll: M653_878; Page: 0; Image: 216.
1503/1648 Rudolph Garrigne 36 male Scot F L Co. Germany
Charlotte 36 fem Canada
Emily 11 fem New York
Augusta 10 fem New York
Charlotte 09 male New York
Waldesmar 08 male New York
Isabella 06 fem Germany
Emeline 05 fem New York
Rudolph 03 male New York
Aurellia Bullig 18 fem Germany
Cath Meghu 40 fem Germany
======================================================================

Other Events:

• FamilySearch Id: LWF8-XHV

Notes:

1850; Census Place: Chicago Ward 7, Cook, Illinois; Roll: M432_102; Page: 371; Image: 544.
3789 / 3829 W. L Whiting 52 male Merchant $4500 New York
Mary L 48 fem Connecticut
Mary E 28 fem Canada
Emma 26 fem Canada
Harriette 20 fem Canada
Lizzie N 18 fem Canada
Abbie N 09 fem Canada
Theodore Knudsen 27 male Architect Norway
Tailbon Jones 28 male lumber merchant$15,000 Virginia
Johanna Phalm 17 fem Ireland
Winfred Kelley 16 fem Ireland

William married Starr, Mary E. on 9 Nov 1820 in Norwich, New London, Connecticut, United States. Mary was born on 3 Feb 1799 in New London, New London, Connecticut, United States; was christened on 27 Oct 1799; died on 11 May 1863 in Chicago, Cook, Illinois, United States. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

1850; Census Place: Chicago Ward 7, Cook, Illinois; Roll: M432_102; Page: 371; Image: 544.
3789 / 3829 W. L Whiting 52 male Merchant $4500 New York
Mary L 48 fem Connecticut
Mary E 28 fem Canada
Emma 26 fem Canada
Harriette 20 fem Canada
Lizzie N 18 fem Canada
Abbie N 09 fem Canada
Theodore Knudsen 27 male Architect Norway
Tailbon Jones 28 male lumber merchant$15,000 Virginia
Johanna Phalm 17 fem Ireland
Winfred Kelley 16 fem Ireland